Teknologi dan Aplikasi Baru Bahan Polyurethane dan Produk Polyurethane

Poliuretanmaterials [that is, high molecular polymers containing urethane groups and -NHCOO in the main chain of macromolecules] have developed rapidly since the industrial production was not released on the market in the 1950s. Compared with polymer rubber materials, it has its own unique characteristics. It can use different numbers of functional groups and different types of functional groups according to different performance requirements, and use different production processes to produce poliuretan products with different properties and properties.

Among rubber rubber types, there are poliuretan rubber varieties that can be cross-linked. There are also those that are not in the category of rubber, such as foam plastics, rigid plastic products, coatings, high resilience synthetic fibers, artificial leather, adhesives, and so on.

Material poliuretan saat ini banyak digunakan di berbagai bidang. Misalnya, dalam industri kedirgantaraan, produk keras, produk lunak, dan produk busa lebih ringan dari bahan logam, [sangat penting untuk pesawat terbang], dan memiliki ketahanan tinggi dan tidak mudah terbakar. , Insulasi suhu ultra-rendah berkekuatan tinggi, dll., digunakan untuk kap pesawat, rem kecepatan, radome, pengisi tangki bahan bakar pesawat, pelampung penguap kontrol konsumsi bahan bakar, dll., serta berbagai rangka penopang dan bantalan kursi untuk dekorasi internal . Ini digunakan untuk pengawetan panas dalam industri transportasi.Poliuretanbahan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari bahan dan bantalan kursi, manufaktur perabotan rumah, dan bahkan kondom dewasa kelas atas, dan ban. Dan perkembangan baru-baru ini dan penggunaan produk dalam peredam kejut otomotif dan aksesori peredam telah menarik lebih banyak perhatian.

Although there are many types of poliuretan products, the classification of its products is nothing more than:

Flexible foam products, rigid products, and elastomers [thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanizable elastomers EU, AU]. The product molding equipment, such as mixing poliuretan rubber, is generally solid and can be vulcanized with sulfur, peroxide, and polyisocyanate. It can be designed according to the conventional rubber product production process and formula. If it is a thermoplastic elastomer, it can be injection or compression molding. If it is a plastic poliuretan, dapat diproduksi dengan metode casting. Mengambil fleksibelpoliuretan foam products as an example, the composition of the formula, the main reactants of which are polyether, polyester, or other polyols; and polyisocyanates. Others include water [chain extender], crosslinking agent, catalyst, foam stabilizer, external blowing agent, flame retardant, mold release agent, coloring agent, etc. The production process is generally two-component liquid reaction molding. That is to say, one group is that the polyol polymer and the isocyanate are mixed and reacted first, and then the above reactants are mixed with another group including water, blowing agent, stabilizer, catalyst, and various auxiliary agents to produce organic carbamate. At the same time, the reactants such as urea group use the reaction to generate carbon dioxide, release a large amount of heat, vaporize the added blowing agent, and then use the catalyst to adjust the foaming speed, and finally complete the product with uniform foam structure. At present, the automobile manufacturing industry has continuously improved safety, comfort, and durability, and has high requirements for durability in high-strength working conditions of shock-absorbing and damping elastomer parts. A new type of shock absorber made of poliuretan flexible foam has appeared in foreign markets. Its physical and mechanical properties and damping effect are slightly better than rubber damping accessories. The product requires a density of 0.08g 丿cm3, a material compression of 5%, a compressive strength of more than 7Kpa, the product works normally at -20-40 "degrees", the product's compression set is not more than 10%, and it has oil resistance. Under pressure impact, no fracture occurs. The production process is not special. The key lies in its main reaction material. Currently, BASF is monopolizing the production and supply. BASF also learns from DuPont's market supply principle of perfluoroether rubber, which is to sell only finished products, not raw materials. , In order to achieve the reduction of market competitors.

Jenis baru inipoliuretanbagian penyerap goncangan mobil busa fleksibel mengadopsi proses pencetakan "satu langkah" yang canggih, yaitu, semua komponen bahan baku dalam formulasi, seperti isosianat, polimer poliol, pemanjang rantai, katalis, penstabil busa, dan lainnya. diukur menurut rumus, dengan isosianat sebagai komponen terpisah, dan berbagai zat tambahan seperti polimer poliol, air, zat peniup tambahan, pemanjang rantai, surfaktan, katalis, dll. telah disiapkan sebelumnya menjadi satu komponen, dan kemudian sekali Tambahkan ke tangki reaksi dan tambahkan bahan pembusa sesudahnya. Setelah pengadukan dan pencampuran berkecepatan tinggi, proses reaksi pembusaan dilakukan. Proses produksi satu langkah ini sangat cocok untuk memproses aksesori dengan bentuk kompleks dan spesifikasi kecil. Dalam metode pencetakan, cairan campuran langsung disuntikkan ke dalam cetakan dengan bentuk yang rumit, dan kemudian berbusa di rongga cetakan untuk dibentuk. Produk yang dibuat dengan metode ini. Spesifikasi dan dimensinya akurat, dan juga dapat digunakan sebagai produk tatahan logam sesuai kebutuhan.

Poliuretanproducts are currently widely used and the market demand is also large. Although my country started late, it has developed rapidly. Its global market share has reached more than a quarter. It has become the world's largest manufacturing and consumer market for poliuretan products. However, there is still a gap between the key main reaction materials and the advanced foreign level, and the industry needs to work hard to innovate and develop.It is reported that retreading tires with poliuretan material as tread rubber has better wear resistance and environmental protection than natural rubber. This innovative research and development has opened up a new way for retreading. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the poliuretan industry will have more room for development.